Hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical study of long-term survival and choice of treatment modalities

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients

Characteristics	5-yr survival group	10-yr survival group	P value
No. of patients	1516	520
Mean age (yr)	50.45 ± 12.32	50.37 ± 11.59	0.102
Female/male patients	166/1350	58/462	0.935
No. of tumors			0.000
1	1285	484
2	206	33
≥ 3	25	2
No. of treatments			0.000
Surgery	1100	410
TACE	2356	576
RFA	656	109
Mean	2.71 (4112/1516)	2.11 (1095/520)
Microvascular invasion	7	3
Histology			0.381
Well	320	104
Moderate	580	184
Poor	382	144
HBsAg			0.104
Positive	948	342
Negative	568	178
Cirrhosis			0.000
Absence	1396 (91.1%)	508 (97.7%)
Present	120 (7.9%)	12 (2.3%)
Position of lesion			0.246
Left lobe	87	126
Right lobe	1334	423
Both lobes	25	5
Lesion diameter, n (cm)			0.651
≤ 3	214 (2.26 ± 0.62)1	82 (2.27 ± 0.69)1
> 3- ≤ 5	404 (4.22 ± 0.60)1	143 (4.20 ± 0.61)1
> 5-< 10	560 (12.44 ± 1.98)1	190 (7.31 ± 1.28)1
≥ 10	338 (7.24 ± 1.40)1	105 (11.94 ± 1.80)1
Mean	1516 (6.89 ± 3.69)	520 (6.58 ± 3.44)
Child-Pugh classification			0.383
Class A	1466	505
Class B	50	15
TNM stage			0.109
I	387	90
II	1096	422
III	33	8
α-fetoprotein, ng/mL
≤ 100	712 (22.50 ± 23.59)1	261 (19.78 ± 17.93)1	0.528
100-400	186 (257.92 ± 92.89)1	48 (204.91 ± 81.92)1	0.129
≥ 400	618 (16661.32 ± 28889.57)1	211 (15302.74 ± 23346.16)1	0.853
Liver function, mean ± SD
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	19.65 ± 10.03	21.04 ± 38.16	0.080
AST, U/L	50.82 ± 26.46	51.72 ± 37.24	0.145
ALT, U/L	48.71 ± 27.35	45.32 ± 30.95	0.053
γ-glutamyltransferase, U/L	71.54 ± 43.62	64.42 ± 46.07	0.069

¹There is significant difference within each group. RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen.