Thinking outside the liver: Induced pluripotent stem cells for hepatic applications

Table 4 Differentiation protocols for induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes

Ref.	Species	Differentiation protocol	Remarks
Sullivan et al[78]	Human	Activin A, Wnt3a (3 d), Activin A (2 d), DMSO (3 d), HGF, OSM (6 d)	Generated functional hepatocyte-like cells from human-iPSCs
Song et al[79]	Human	Activin A (3 d), FGF4, BMP-2 (4 d), HGF, KGF (6 d), OSM, Dex (5 d) then OSM, Dex, N2B27 (3 d)	iPSCs had fewer expressed liver-enriched genes compared with human hepatocytes
Si-Tayeb et al[80]	Human	Activin A (5 d), bFGF, BMP-4 (5 d), HGF (5 d), OSM (5 d)	Transplanted hepatocyte-like cells into the lobe of newborn mice and demonstrated homing of donor cells
Liu et al[81]	Human	Activin A (5 d), FGF4, HGF (5 d ), Single Quotes (lonza), FGF4, HGF, OSM, Dex (10 d)	Human hepatocyte-derived iPSCs are able to differentiate into functional hepatocytes
Takata et al[82]	Human	Activin A ( 3 d), HGF (5 d), OSM (5 d)	Generated hepatocyte-like cells from iPSCs using three growth factors in a short time
Gai et al[83]	Mouse	Activin A, Wnt3 (6 d), bFGF, DMSO (3 d), HGF, DMSO (9 d), HGF, OSM, DMSO (7 d)	Generated hepatocytes from iPSCs
Iwamuro et al[84]	Mouse	Activin A, bFGF (3 d), HGF (5 d)	Generated hepatocyte-like cells from iPSCs

iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; OSM: Oncostatin M; Dex: Dexamethasone; FGF4: Fibroblast growth factor-4; BMP: Bone morphogenetic protein; KGF: Keratinocyte growth gactor; bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor.