Risk factors for proton pump inhibitor refractoriness in Chinese patients with non-erosive reflux disease

Table 2 Lifestyle characteristics of two groups of patients

Variables	Residual symptoms (n = 97)	Symptom-free (n = 159)	t/χ2	P value
Age (yr)	59.3 ± 11.2	57.1 ± 12.7	1.28	0.203
Sex (male/female)	38/59	97/62	0.92	0.016
Alcohol consumption	19%	26%	0.44	0.509
Smoking	37%	32%	9.93	0.062
Helicobacer pylori positive	59%	62%	11.52	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)			6.19	0.045
≥ 25	37	86
23–24.9	30	38
< 23	30	35
Comorbid IBS	37%	12%	36.44	< 0.001
Hiatal hernia	9%	8%	1.75	0.186

BMI: Body mass index; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome.