Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is not associated with proton pump inhibitors: A retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics of each group (mean ± SD)

	Group 1	Group 2	P-value
No. of patients	50  534	11  300
Age, yr	54.96 ± 14.50	58.18 ± 13.31	< 0.001
Gender, male (%)	52.5	46.7	< 0.001
PPI duration, d	25.17 ± 21.51	285.78 ± 437.02	< 0.001
Co-morbidities, n (%)
AIDS	75 (0.15)	6 (0.05)	0.011
Cerebrovascular disease	3655 (7.23)	1201 (10.63)	< 0.001
Congestive heart failure	196 (0.39)	71 (0.63)	< 0.001
Chronic pulmonary disease	184 (0.36)	64 (0.57)	0.002
Dementia	332 (0.66)	159 (1.41)	< 0.001
DM	4438 (8.78)	1600 (14.16)	< 0.001
DM without chronic complication	4280 (8.47)	1532 (13.56)	< 0.001
DM with chronic complication	158 (0.31)	68 (0.60)	< 0.001
Liver disease, mild	3182 (6.30)	1475 (13.05)	< 0.001
Hemiplegia or paraplegia	57 (0.11)	8 (0.07)	0.213
Liver disease, moderate or severe	488 (0.97)	205 (1.81)	< 0.001
Any malignancy	62 (0.12)	13 (0.12)	0.833
Metastatic solid tumor	310 (0.61)	69 (0.61)	0.972
Myocardial infarction	598 (1.18)	121 (1.07)	0.313
Peripheral vascular disease	368 (0.73)	114 (1.01)	0.002
Peptic ulcer	7011 (13.88)	1569 (13.88)	0.977
Rheumatologic disease	284 (0.56)	421 (3.73)	< 0.001
Renal disease	498 (0.99)	342 (3.03)	< 0.001
Charlson index	0.50 ± 0.93	0.77 ± 1.14	< 0.001
Score = 0 n (%)	33297 (65.89)	6167 (54.58)	< 0.001
Score = 1 n (%)	15536 (30.75)	4363 (38.61)
Score ≥ 3 n (%)	1699 (3.36)	770 (6.81)
History of admission (%)	29138 (57.66)	6692 (59.22)	0.002
History of ICU admission (%)	1668 (3.30)	352 (3.12)	0.315

PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ICU: Intensive care unit; DM: Diabetes mellitus.