Efficacy of cap-assisted endoscopy for routine examining the ampulla of Vater

Figure 2 Flow diagram of patient enrollment and examinations. In total, 120 patients were examined by forward-viewing endoscopy. In cases when complete observations of the ampulla of Vater (AV) were unsuccessful, an additional examination for the AV was conducted by short cap-assisted endoscopy. If that examination was unsuccessful, the short cap was replaced with a long cap, and a re-examination was performed.