Apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma cells induced by ESC-3 from Crocodylus siamensis bile

Figure 1 Isolation of ESC-3 from the gallbladder of Crocodylus siamensis. A: Using Sephadex LH-20; B: Using RP-18 reversed-phase columns; C: QBC939, Sk-ChA-1 and MZ-ChA-1 were treated continuously with different concentrations of ESC-3 for 48 h. Cell growth inhibition was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; D: Growth inhibitory effects of ESC-3 on Mz-ChA-1 cells. Exponentially growing Mz-ChA-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of ESC-3 for different periods of time. Cell growth inhibition was analyzed by the MTT assay.