Predictors and clinical outcomes for spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Univariate analysis of risk factors related to spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma

Variables	Case group(n = 200)	Control group(n = 202)	P value
Age (yr)	47.9 ± 12.4	50.5 ± 11.4	0.209
Sex			0.322
Male	184	180
Female	16	22
Diabetes			0.388
Presence	8	5
Absence	192	197
Hypertension			0.041
Presence	15	6
Absence	185	196
Liver cirrhosis			< 0.001
Yes	175	114
No	25	88
Liver function status			0.096
Child-Pugh class A	133	157
Child-Pugh class B	49	32
Child-Pugh class C	18	13
PT (s)	13.8 ± 2.3	13.3 ± 1.5	0.328
PLT (×109/L)	161.4 ± 94.8	159.1 ± 64.6	0.187
TB (μmol/L)	34.4 ± 40.6	30.0 ± 6.7	0.097
Albumin (g/L)	37.2 ± 5.8	36.8 ± 4.2	0.101
ALT(IU/L)	86.0 ± 91.6	59.4 ± 48.1	0.261
AST(IU/L)	136.2 ± 176.4	59.8 ± 47.5	0.643
Creatinine (μmol/L)	72.6 ± 20.2	74.3 ± 18.7	0.209
AFP (μg/L)	586.6 (1.3-95600.5)	499.2 (1.8-10521.6)	0.125
Positive HBsAg status	181	166	0.514
Maximum tumor size (cm)			< 0.001
≤ 5	34	86
> 5	166	116
Tumor location			0.927
Right lobe	142	146
Left lobe	38	38
Both lobes	20	18
Protrusion from the liver surface			< 0.001
Yes	132	90
No	68	112
Vascular thrombus			< 0.001
Presence	61	18
Absence	139	184
Ascites			0.301
Presence	24	16
Absence	176	186
Extrahepatic invasion			< 0.001
Yes	73	25
No	127	177

PT: Prothrombin time; PLT: Platelet count; TB: Total bilirubin; AFP: α-fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.