Tumour seeding after percutaneous cryoablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 3 Computed tomography showing tumour seeding in case 2 after cryoablation for hepatocellular carcinoma, with a history of transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation. A: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) image showing a 3-cm diameter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in segment II before cryoablation (black arrow); B and C: Contrast-enhanced CT images during the arterial phase (B) and portal-venous phase (C) showing intraperitoneal seeding (white arrow) at 2 mo after biopsy and percutaneous cryoablation. The tumour showed hyperattenuation during the arterial phase and hypoattenuation during the portal-venous phase, similar to the primary HCC. Histopathological examination of the seeded tumour showed a poorly differentiated HCC. Note that the intrahepatic tumour was completely ablated.