Tumour seeding after percutaneous cryoablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Characteristics of the 11 hepatocellular carcinoma patients who had tumour seeding after cryoablation

Case No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Age (yr)	66	51	47	51	65	43	49	61	58	58	72
Sex	M	F	M	M	F	M	M	M	M	F	M
Child-Pugh class	A	A	A	A	B	A	A	B	A	A	B
BCLC Stage	A	B	B	B	B	C	A	B	A	A	B
AFP (ng/mL)	7	9	3550	368	8589	16	75	33	23	48	294
No. of tumours	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	3	1	2	1
Tumour size (cm)	6	3	5.4	6	3.2	8	2.4	4.8	2.6	2	5.6
No. of sessions	2	1	4	3	1	3	1	2	1	4	2
No. of needle insertions	4	2	6	4	2	6	1	3	1	4	3
Completed ablation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Biopsy	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Tumour differentiation
Primary HCC	-	Poor	Mod	Mod	Poor	-	-	-	-	Well	Poor
Seeding HCC	Mod	Poor	Mod	Mod	-	Mod	Mod	Mod	Mod	Well	-
Subcapsular location	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Direct subcapsular insertion	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Seeding location	Ip	Ip	Sf	Ip	Pleura	Ip and Im	Ip	Ip	Ip	Ip	Pc
Seeding time (mo)	24	2	5	5	1	6	12	7	12	18	1
Overall survival (mo)	36	25	9	19	18	12	18	26	36	60	5
Prognosis	Died	Alive	Died	Died	Died	Alive	Alive	Died	Alive	Alive	Alive

M: Male; F: Female; Ip: Intraperitoneal; Sf: Subcutaneous fat; Im: Intercostal muscle; Pc: Peritoneal cavity; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; BCLC: The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; Mod: Moderate.