Dietary supplementation of some antioxidants against hypoxia

Table 1 Liver function, level of energetic parameters, level of some glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes in hypoxica rats at different treated groups

Parameters	Control I	Hypoxia II	Treated-groups					P value
			Idebenome III	Melatonin IV	Id + Melatonin V	Arginine VI	Id + arginine VII
Liver function parameters
T.protein (g/dL)	13.4 ± 2.5a	9.2 ± 1.07c	10.26 ± 0.57b,c	10.63 ± 0.6b,c	11.28 ± 0.52b	11.03 ± 1.05b	11.54 ± 0.81b	< 0.001
Albumin (g/L)	68.9 ± 5.4b	56.18 ± 7.5c	68.3 ± 6.68b	84.47 ± 14.2a	68.98 ± 7.1b	67.10 ± 9.90b,c	72.34 ± 9.7b	< 0.01
AST (GOT) (U/L)	9.78 ± 1.18a	4.64 ± 1.25c	8.86 ± 1.32a	8.64 ± 1.04a,b	7.01 ± 1.13b	8.65 ± 1.84a,b	9.64 ± 1.49a	< 0.001
ALT (GPT) (U/L)	9.69 ± 3.67a,b	5.87 ± 0.99c	10.4 ± 1.9a,b	9.28 ± 2.1a,b	7.34 ± 3.93b,c	10.53 ± 1.6a,b	10.78 ± 1.4a	< 0.05
ALP (U/L)	461.98 ± 40.1b,c	623 ± 64.9a	486 ± 62.0b	449.5 ± 47.7b,c	436.3 ± 65.6b,c	400.5 ± 39.3c	418.4 ± 46.2b,c	< 0.001
Level of energetic parameters
ATP (μmol/mg)	1.47 + 0.11a	0.602 + 0.03f	0.978 + 0.05d	1.03 + 0.07d	1.27 + 0.03b	0.87 + 0.05e	1.16 + 0.05c	< 0.001
ADP (μmol/mg)	0.152 + 0.007e	0.37 + 0.02a	0.24 + 0.01b	0.20 + 0.01c	0.18 + 0.005d	0.26 + 0.02b	0.21 + 0.008c	< 0.001
AMP (μmol/mg)	0.08 + 0.008e	0.188 + 0.01a	0.13 + 0.01c	0.12 + 0.01c,d	0. 108 + 0.008d	0.15 + 0.008b	0.12 + 0.008c	< 0.001
Pi (μmol/mg)	12.82 + 1.9a	5.34 + 0.75e	8.12 + 0.46d	8.47 + 0.36c,d	9.93 + 0.35b	7.84 + 0.31d	9.49 + 0.58b,c	< 0.001
TA	1.70 + 0.12a	1.16 + 0.02e	1.35 + 0.05c,d	1.36 + 0.075c	1.56 + 0.03b	1.27 + 0.03d	1.49 + 0.05b	< 0.001
ATP/ADP	9.65 + 0.64a	1.65 + 0.18g	4.05 + 0.29e	5.06 + 0.039d	7.21 + 0.31b	3.41 + 0.31f	5.64 + 0.26c	< 0.001
ATP/AMP	18.08 + 2.47a	3.21 + 0.26e	7.82 + 0.83c	8.70 + 1.27c	11.72 + 0.97b	5.80 + 0.47d	9.40 + 0.99c	< 0.001
AEC	0.90 + 0.01a	0.68 + 0.01f	0.82 + 0.01d	0.83 + 0.01d	0.87 + 0.01b	0.78 + 0.01e	0.85 + 0.01c	< 0.001
PO	0.77 + 0.15a	0.31 + 0.05e	0.50 + 0.05c,d	0.60 + 0.04b	0.73 + 0.02a	0.44 + 0.06 d	0.59 + 0.06b,c	< 0.001
Level of some glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes
Glucose (mg/g)	74.28 ± 6.43a	58.5 ± 7.1c	67.2 ± 3.2a,b	63.0 ± 7.0b,c	65.03 ± 5.5b,c	65.82 ± 6.7b,c	67.9 ± 4.8a,b	< 0.01
Glycogen (mg/g)	8.9 ± 1.2b	3.4 ± 0.64c	8.7 ± 1.02b	8.9 ± 0.53b	8.8 ± 0.56b	8.99 ± 0.45a,b	9.98 ± 0.63a	< 0.001
Glycogen- phosphorylase	0.99 + 0.03g	3.00 + 0.12a	1.93 + 0.05c	1.75 + 0.08d	1.38 + 0.11f	2.17 + 0.11b	1.54 + 0.05e	< 0.001
PK (μmol/min per mg)	4.00 + 0.276f	7.81 + 0.16a	5.51 + 0.38c	5.34 + 0.25c,d	4.92 + 0.10e	5.87 + 0.15b	5.11 + 0.12d,e	< 0.001
PFK (μmol/min per mg)	8.16 + 0.48e	32.03 + 2.05a	20.70 + 1.34b	18.43 + 0.52b	10.13 + 1.27d	20.32 + 0.44b	15.13 + 2.74c	< 0.001

Data are expressed as means ± SD of ten rats in each group; a, b, c, d, e, f, g means within columns with no common superscripts differ significantly. Unshared superscript letters between groups are the significance values at P < 0.05. Statistical analysis is carried out using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using CoStat computer program. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; ADP: adenosine diphosphate; AMP: Adenosine monophosphate; AEC: Adenylate energy charge; PO: Potential phosphate; PK: Pyruvate kinase; PFK: Phosphofructokinase; Pi: Inorganic phosphate; TA: Total adenylate.