Current endoscopic approach to indeterminate biliary strictures

Figure 3 Endoscopic diagnosis and therapy for a bile duct mass missed on transabdominal imaging. A: Endoscopic ultrasound showing a bile duct mass that was missed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; B: Biliary dilation was present proximal to the stenosis; C: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was performed and was diagnostic of cholangiocarcinoma; D: Endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopy was performed during the same session and cholangiography revealed distal biliary stricture; E, F: A fully-covered metal biliary stent was placed.