Signaling pathway/molecular targets and new targeted agents under development in hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 8 Outcomes of standard treatment modalities and expected future outcomes of combination therapy with molecular-targeted agents. By combining molecular targeted agents with resection or ablation, life expectancy [overall survival (OS)] is expected to be prolonged to 7.5-10 years. In addition, for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognosis is expected to be improved to 4.5-6 years by combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). For advanced stage HCC, the prognosis is expected to be improved to 1.5-2 years by combination with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).