Nutritional status in relation to lifestyle in patients with compensated viral cirrhosis

Table 5 The lifestyle surveys of all subjects

	Control	Chronic hepatitis	Cirrhosis	P value
Drinking habit2				< 0.001
Nothing	10 (8.8)	40 (67.8)	63 (85.1)
Sometimes	6 (22.2)	11 (18.6)	9 (12.2)
Daily	11 (40.7)	8 (13.6)	2 (2.7)
Alcohol intake (g/d)1	13.7 ± 26.6a	4.9 ± 14.2	1.6 ± 9.9
Stage model of alcohol drinking2				0.141
Maintenance	4 (23.5)	7 (36.8)	4 (36.4)
Action	1 (5.9)	1 (5.3)	0 (0)
Sometimes	3 (17.6)	6 (31.6)	5 (45.5)
Preparation	0 (0)	1 (5.3)	0 (0)
Contemplation	9 (52.9)	2 (10.5)	1 (9.1)
Pre-contemplation	0 (0)	2 (10.5)	1 (9.1)
Experience of dieting2				0.258
No	21 (77.8)	37 (62.7)	59 (79.7)
Yes	6 (22.2)	22 (37.3)	15 (20.3)
Stage model of dietary habit2
Maintenance	6 (22.2)	10 (16.9)	12 (16.2)	0.540
Action	2 (7.4)	1 (1.7)	2 (2.7)
Preparation	2 (7.4)	13 (22)	11 (14.9)
Contemplation	9 (33.3)	7 (11.9)	19 (25.7)
Pre-contemplation	8 (29.6)	28 (47.5)	30 (40.5)
Eating speed (eating lunch within 10 min)2
Fast	8 (29.6)	22 (37.3)	20 (27)	0.451
General or slow	19 (70.4)	37 (62.7)	54 (73)
Eating and drinking
Prior to bedtime2
Yes	6 (22.2)	12 (20.3)	16 (21.6)	0.975
No	21 (77.8)	47 (79.7)	58 (78.4)
Skipping a meal2
Yes	4 (14.8)	18 (30.5)	14 (18.9)	0.700
No	23 (85.2)	41 (69.5)	60 (81.1)
Resting2
Enough	9 (33.3)	38 (64.4)	49 (66.2)	0.026
Almost enough	9 (33.3)	4 (6.8)	11 (14.9)
A little shortage	7 (25.9)	14 (23.7)	10 (13.5)
Shortage	2 (22.2)	3 (5.1)	4 (5.4)
Sleeping time (h)1	6.7 ± 1.1b	6.8 ± 1.5c	7.6 ± 1.6
Perceived health status2				< 0.001
Very healthy	2 (7.4)	4 (6.8)	3 (4.1)
Almost healthy	23 (85.2)	32 (54.2)	28 (37.8)
A little unhealthy	2 (7.4)	18 (30.5)	34 (45.9)
Unhealthy	0 (0)	5 (8.5)	9 (12.2)
Stage model of exercise2				0.630
Maintenance	12 (44.4)	23 (39)	27 (36.5)
Action	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Preparation	4 (14.8)	5 (8.5)	13 (17.6)
Contemplation	10 (37)	23 (39)	25 (33.8)
Pre-contemplation	1 (3.7)	8 (13.6)	9 (12.2)
Smoking custom2				0.140
Yes	5 (18.5)	13 (22)	8 (10.8)
No	22 (81.5)	46 (78)	66 (89.2)
Time to smoking cigarette first after it get out of bed2				0.555
Within 5 min	2 (40)	1 (7.1)	1 (14.3)
From 6 to 30 min	1 (20)	1 (7.1)	1 (14.3)
From 31 to 60 min	2 (40)	4 (28.6)	4 (57.1)
More than 61 min	0 (0)	8 (57.1)	1 (14.3)
Number of smoking cigarettes on a day2				0.584
Less than 10 cigarettes	3 (60)	3 (21.4)	2 (28.6)
From 10 to 20 cigarettes	2 (40)	7 (50)	5 (71.4)
From 21 to 30 cigarettes	0 (0)	3 (21.4)	0 (0)
More than 31cigarettes	0 (0)	1 (7.1)	0 (0)
Period of no smoking2				0.356
More than 10 yr	3 (60)	11 (61.1)	16 (72.7)
From 3 to 10 yr	0 (0)	6 (33.3)	4 (18.2)
From 1 to 3 yr	1 (20)	0 (0)	1 (4.5)
From 6 mo to less than 1 yr	1 (20)	1 (5.6)	1 (4.5)
Stage model of smoking2				0.481
Maintenance	5 (50)	19 (59.4)	22 (71)
Action	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Preparation	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (9.7)
Contemplation	4 (40)	7 (21.9)	3 (9.7)
Pre-contemplation	1 (10)	6 (18.8)

^aP = 0.003,

^bP = 0.028,

^cP = 0.007 vs liver cirrhosis. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or as number of patients. ^1,2Statistical differences among the 3 groups were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis and Scheffe's multiple comparison tests¹ or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient².