Tumor necrosis factor alpha increases intestinal permeability in mice with fulminant hepatic failure

Figure 5 Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for occludin and claudin-1 mRNA in the fulminant hepatic failure groups and the control groups. A: Occludin significantly decreased 6 h, 9 h and 12 h after D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections in GalN/LPS-treated mice; B: Occludin markedly decreased 6 h after injection in the GalN/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or TNF-α treated mice; C: Claudin-1 significantly decreased 6 h, 9 h and 12 h after GalN/LPS injections in the GalN/LPS treated mice; D: Claudin-1 markedly decreased 6 h after injection in the GalN/TNF-α- or TNF-α-treated mice. NS: Normal saline; FHF: Fulminant hepatic failure; qPCR: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs baseline. Data are reported as the mean ± SD.