Metastases of esophageal carcinoma to skeletal muscle: Single center experience

Table 2 Overview of the reports of esophageal carcinoma skeletal muscle metastases

Ref.	Sex	Age (yr)	Histology	Timing	Symptoms	Diagnosis	Location of muscle metastases	Other metastases	Therapy	Outcome
Heyer et al[18]	M	54	Adeno	Synchronous	Asymptomatic; fortuitously detected during CT	CT; MRI; biopsy	Multiple	None	CXRT (to the primary)	ND
Rehman et al[19]	M	71	Adeno	ND	Pain; unable to walk	MRI; biopsy	Thigh	ND	XRT (metastases)	Symptomatic relief 2 wk later
Kozyreva et al[20]	M	72	Adeno (T3N1Mx)	Synchronous	Asymptomatic; fortuitously detected during PET/CT	PET/CT; biopsy	Deltoid	None	C (oxaliplatin + 5FU/FA)	Progression of muscle metastases
Schultz et al[5]	ND	ND	SCC	Synchronous	ND	CT; biopsy	Gluteus minimus	ND	ND	ND
Heffernan et al[21]	F	67	Adeno	5 mo after surgery	Asymptomatic; fortuitously detected during PET/CT	PET/CT	Multiple	Mediastinum	ND	ND
Wu et al[22]	M	67	Adeno	Synchronous	Asymptomatic; fortuitously detected during PET/CT	PET/CT; biopsy	Gluteus minimus	None	ND	ND
Lekse et al[23]	F	78	Adeno	4 mo after diagnosis	Diplopia	CT; biopsy	Inferior rectus ocular	Lung	Symptomatic	ND
Lekse et al[23]	M	78	Adeno	2 mo after diagnosis	Diplopia; loss of vision	MRI	Lateral rectus ocular	Lung; bone; liver	XRT; C (5FU + FA)	ND

5FU: 5-fluorouracil; Adeno: Adenocarcinoma; C: Chemotherapy; CT: Computed tomography; CXRT: Chemoradiation; FA: Folinic acid; M: Male; F: Female; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; ND: Not described; PET: Positron emission tomography; XRT: Radiotherapy; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma.