Diagnostic endoscopic ultrasonography: Assessment of safety and prevention of complications

Table 4 Procedural risk of endoscopic ultrasonography

First author (yr)	Study features	Frequency of complications (%)
		EUS1	EUS-FNB	EUS-I
Prospective, single-center
Williams et al[52]	333 EUS-FNA	-	0.3	-
Mortensen et al[30]	2518 EUS; 670 EUS-FNA; 136 EUS-I	0.22	0.3	0.74
Bournet et al[36]	3207 EUS; 224 EUS-FNA	0.093	2.2	-
Eloubeidi et al[53]	355 pancreatic EUS-FNA	-	2.542	-
Al-Haddad et al[54]	483 EUS-FNA	-	1.4	-
Eloubeidi et al[55]	656 EUS-FNA	-	1.12	-
Thomas et al[56]	247 EUS-TCB	-	2.43	-
Gerke et al[57]	44 EUS-TCB; 36 EUS-FNA4	-	2.3 (EUS-TCB);2.8 (EUS-FNA)	-
Prospective, multicenter (registry)
Gottschalk et al[32]	11 889 EUS; 2099 EUS-FNB; 438 EUS-I	0.14	2.1	4.1
Retrospective, single-center
O'Toole et al[41]	322 EUS-FNA	-	1.6	-
Carrara et al[37]	1034 pancreatic EUS-FNA	-	1.25	-
Retrospective, multicenter
Rösch et al[28]	42 105 EUS (34 EUS centers)	0.05	-	-
Wiersema et al[58]	457 EUS-FNA (4 EUS centers)	-	1.1	-
Buscarini et al[59]	11 539 EUS; 787 EUS-FNA; 21 EUS-I (6 EUS centers)	0.046	0.88	9.5
Jenssen et al[31]	85 084 EUS; 13 223 EUS-FNB; 2297 EUS-I (67 EUS centers)	0.034	0.29	1.61

Results of large single-center and multicenter studies on complications of non-interventional diagnostic endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) [endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) plus endoscopic ultrasonography-guided trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB)] and endoscopic ultrasonography-guided therapeutic interventions (EUS-I).

¹Without EUS-guided fine-needle biopsies and EUS-guided therapeutic interventions;

²major complications only; 1 fatality due to pulmonary embolism;

³EUS-guided trucut-biopsy (19 Gauge);

⁴randomized controlled trial.