Characteristics of intestinal pseudo-obstruction in patients with mitochondrial diseases

Table 3 Characteristics of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in patients with mitochondrial diseases

Sex	Subclass	Type of abdominal discomfort	Area of dilated intestine	Treatment
F	MELAS	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation	Small intestine	PEG, neostigmine
M	MELAS	Diarrhea	Small intestine	Antidiarrheal drug
M	MERRF	Pain, diarrhea, distension	Small and large intestines	Mosapride, dimethicone, antiflatulent, daikenchuto, pantothenic acid
F	MELAS	Diarrhea, constipation, distension	Small and large intestines	Mosapride, daikenchuto, magnesium oxide
F	MELAS	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, pain	Small intestine	PEG, antiflatulent, magnesium oxide, antidiarrheal drug
F	MELAS	Nausea, vomiting, constipation, pain	Small intestine	Prostarmon, magnesium oxide, dimethicone, daikenchuto, mosapride, neostigmine, sodium picosulfate hydrate
F	MELAS	Nausea, vomiting, distension	Small intestine	Magnesium oxide, daikenchuto
F	MELAS	Nausea, vomiting	Large intestine	Daikenchuto, sennoside
M	MELAS	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, distension	Small intestine	Daikenchuto, mosapride, magnesium oxide, lansoprazole, neostigmine, dimechicone

M: Male; F: Female; CIP: Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction; MERRF: Myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers; MELAS: Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes; PEG: Polyethylene glycol.