Diabetes but not insulin is associated with higher colon cancer mortality

Table 3 Cox proportional hazards models showing hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for colon cancer mortality in diabetic patients by age before and after exclusion of patients with a duration of < 5 years between onset of diabetes and colon cancer mortality

Variables	Interpretation	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
		Age≥25 yr				Age 25-64 yr		Age≥65 yr
		Unadjusted	P value	Mutually adjusted	P value	Mutually adjusted	P value	Mutually-adjusted	P value
Before exclusion
Age	Every 1-yr increment	1.077 (1.066-1.088)	< 0.0001	1.077 (1.066-1.088)	< 0.0001	1.090 (1.062-1.119)	< 0.0001	1.072 (1.049-1.096)	< 0.0001
Sex	Men vs women	1.395 (1.150-1.691)	0.0007	1.256 (0.976-1.618)	0.0769	1.181 (0.758-1.841)	0.4622	1.288 (0.946-1.753)	0.1081
Diabetes duration	Every 1-yr increment	1.032 (1.019-1.045)	< 0.0001	1.006 (0.992-1.020)	0.3845	0.993 (0.964-1.023)	0.6652	1.009 (0.994-1.025)	0.2329
Diabetes type	Type 2 vs type 1	0.682 (0.430-1.081)	0.1036	0.750 (0.432-1.301)	0.3057	0.914 (0.345-2.425)	0.8574	0.680 (0.348-1.328)	0.2588
Body mass index	Every 1-kg/m2 increment	0.956 (0.929-0.984)	0.0021	0.976 (0.948-1.005)	0.1062	0.966 (0.920-1.014)	0.1616	0.981 (0.946-1.018)	0.3080
Smoking	Yes vs no	1.484 (1.219-1.808)	< 0.0001	1.384 (1.068-1.792)	0.0140	1.746 (1.121-2.720)	0.0136	1.215 (0.881-1.676)	0.2351
Insulin use	Yes vs no	1.344 (0.992-1.821)	0.0564	1.235 (0.843-1.809)	0.2782	1.318 (0.686-2.532)	0.4076	1.215 (0.759-1.946)	0.4168
Area of residence	Urban vs rural	0.901 (0.743-1.094)	0.2928	0.852 (0.702-1.034)	0.1046	0.734 (0.530-1.016)	0.0621	0.931 (0.731-1.187)	0.5660
After exclusion
Age	Every 1-yr increment	1.082 (1.070-1.094)	< 0.0001	1.080 (1.068-1.092)	< 0.0001	1.096 (1.064-1.128)	< 0.0001	1.070 (1.046-1.095)	< 0.0001
Sex	Men vs women	1.454 (1.186-1.784)	0.0003	1.281 (0.980-1.676)	0.0704	1.355 (0.836-2.195)	0.2172	1.249 (0.903-1.728)	0.1787
Diabetes duration	Every 1-yr increment	1.046 (1.034-1.059)	< 0.0001	1.021 (1.007-1.034)	0.0022	1.025 (0.996-1.054)	0.0883	1.020 (1.004-1.035)	0.0120
Diabetes type	Type 2 vs type 1	0.640 (0.398-1.028)	0.0647	0.710 (0.402-1.254)	0.2386	0.637 (0.229-1.771)	0.3878	0.737 (0.371-1.465)	0.3837
Body mass index	Every 1-kg/m2 increment	0.960 (0.932-0.989)	0.0078	0.984 (0.955-1.015)	0.3034	0.983 (0.933-1.035)	0.5160	0.984 (0.948-1.022)	0.4153
Smoking	Yes vs no	1.555 (1.263-1.914)	< 0.0001	1.445 (1.099-1.899)	0.0083	1.814 (1.130-2.913)	0.0137	1.268 (0.905-1.778)	0.1672
Insulin use	Yes vs no	1.431 (1.044-1.961)	0.0258	1.159 (0.781-1.722)	0.4639	0.927 (0.440-1.954)	0.8419	1.274 (0.798-2.035)	0.3106
Area of residence	Urban vs rural	0.909 (0.741-1.116)	0.3639	0.848 (0.691-1.041)	0.1158	0.815 (0.573-1.158)	0.2536	0.876 (0.680-1.128)	0.3040

CI: Confidence interval.