Aging is a risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants and unadjusted associations with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

	Women w/o NAFLD	Women with NAFLD	P value	Men w/o NAFLD	Men with NAFLD	P value
Number of subjects	1651	178		1938	634
Age, yr (SD)	46.6 (8.8)	51.0 (7.7)	< 0.001	48.1 (9)	47.9 (8.4)	0.66
Body mass index, kg/m2 (SD)	21.3 (2.5)	25.7 (3.7)	< 0.001	22.5 (2.5)	25.6 (2.8)	< 0.001
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/mL (SD)	92.7 (8.4)	100.7 (10.7)	< 0.001	99.6 (13.3)	106.8 (18.8)	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD)	111.8 (15.9)	127.8 (18.2)	< 0.001	118.8 (15.8)	126.4 (15.5)	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD)	69.8 (10.1)	79.1 (10.1)	< 0.001	75.3 (10.1)	80.4 (9.9)	< 0.001
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL (SD)	59.4 (13.9)	49.5 (11.8)	< 0.001	47.5 (12.2)	40.6 (9.7)	< 0.001
Triglycerides, mg/dL (SD)	73.8 (36.1)	119.6 (61.4)	< 0.001	105.5 (59.9)	156.7 (89.2)	< 0.001
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL (SD)	131.8 (32.2)	151.1 (33.4)	< 0.001	137.2 (30.7)	145.8 (31.7)	< 0.001
AST, IU/mL (SD)	15.1 (5.2)	19.5 (7.9)	< 0.001	16.4 (7.7)	22.8 (10.9)	< 0.001
ALT, IU/mL (SD)	16.8 (6.5)	27.9 (15.7)	< 0.001	23.1 (15)	39.6 (21.4)	< 0.001
γGTP, IU/mL (SD)	11.7 (9.6)	18.9 (15.4)	< 0.001	22.8 (22.8)	31.4 (22.5)	< 0.001
Hemoglobin, g/dL (SD)	12.8 (1.2)	13.3 (1.2)	< 0.001	15 (1)	15.6 (0.9)	< 0.001
C reactive protein, mg/mL (SD)	0.1 (0.2)	0.2 (0.4)	0.113	0.1 (0.2)	0.1 (0.1)	0.242
Number (%) of light-drinkers	775 (46.9)	73 (41.0)	0.13	1513 (78)	464 (73)	0.013
Number (%) of current smokers	102 (6.2)	10 (5.6)	0.87	795 (41.0)	234 (36.9)	0.074
Number (%) of ex-smokers	184 (11.1)	12 (6.7)	0.074	555 (28.6)	213 (33.6)	0.02
Number (%) of regular exercisers	340 (20.6)	27 (15.2)	0.09	393 (20.3)	78 (12.3)	< 0.001
Number (%) of postmenopausal women	487 (29.5)	82 (46.1)	< 0.001
Number (%) receiving hormone replacement therapy	221 (13.4)	36 (20.2)	0.017

This table summarizes the baseline data of 1829 women and 2572 men. w/o: Without; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; γGTP: γ-glutamyl transferase. Continuous variables were compared using the unpaired t test, and groups were compared with the χ² test.