Effects of anesthetic methods on preserving anti-tumor T-helper polarization following hepatectomy

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Characteristics	G + E group (n = 31)	G group (n = 30)	P
Age (yr)	50.7 ± 1.8	46.9 ± 1.5	0.4161
Gender (male/female)	4/27	8/22	0.2112
Hepatitis history (yes/no)	5/26	6/24	0.7492
AFP ( ≤ 20 ng/mL/> 20 ng/mL)	13/18	14/16	0.7992
Liver cirrhosis (Yes/no)	10/21	7/23	0.5702
ALT ( ≤ 40 U/L/> 40 U/L)	18/13	11/19	0.7952
Child-Pugh Score (A/B)	2/29	2/28	1.0002
Tumor differentiation (I-II/III-IV)	7/24	9/21	0.5702
Tumor size ( ≤ 5 cm/> 5 cm)	8/23	7/23	1.0002
Tumor number (single/multiple)	8/23	5/25	0.5342
Tumor encapsulation (complete/none)	12/19	15/15	0.4442
Vascular invasion (no/yes)	6/25	8/22	0.5542
Blood loss ( ≤ 200 mL/> 200 mL)	1/30	4/26	0.1952
Anesthesia time ( ≤ 3 h/> 3 h)	18/13	9/21	0.4262
VAS score	3.58 ± 0.32	3.67 ± 0.38	0.8631
Dose of fentanyl (μg)	0.30 ± 0.01	0.51 ± 0.01	< 0.0011
Dose of morphine (mg)	2.26 ± 0.08	95.30 ± 1.17	< 0.0011
Dose of sevoflurane (mL)	21.74 ± 0.70	37.90 ± 1.60	< 0.0011

¹Student’s t test;

²Fisher’s exact test. G: General anesthesia; E: Epidural block; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine transaminase; VAS: Visual analogue scale.