Diagnostic value for extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma in positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan

Table 4 Clinical factors and tumor characteristics of extrahepatic metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma

	Metastasis (n = 50)	No metastasis (n = 88)	P value
			Uni	Multi
Age	58.7 ± 11.1	60.1 ± 11.1	0.480
Sex			0.285
M/F	39/11	75/13
Etiology of liver disease			0.215
HBV/HCV/alcohol/unknown	31/3/4/12	58/12/6/12
AFP (ng/mL)	15 568.8 ± 28 119.6	6072.1 ± 18 882.3	0.019	0.254
< 200/≥ 200 (%)	21/29 (58.0)	59/29 (33.0)
PIVKAII (mAU/mL)	1320.5 ± 784.0	630 ± 827.9	0.001
< 40/≥ 40 (n = 25/n = 52) (%)	2/23 (92.0)	18/34 (65.4)
Tumor morphology			0.000	0.126
Nodular/infiltrating (%)	17/33 (66.0)	61/27 (30.7)
Tumor size	88.9 ± 40.2	58.9 ± 44.5	0.000	0.0421
< 5/≥ 5 (%)	7/43 (86.0)	48/40 (45.5)
Tumor number			0.000	0.382
1/≥ 2 (%)	7/43 (86.0)	45/43 (48.9)
PVTT			0.000	0.330
Yes (%)	30 (60.0)	24 (27.2)
Child-Pugh classification			0.474
A/B/C	35/11/4	68/19/1
T stage			0.000	0.197
1/2/3/4 (%)	1/4/12/33 (66.0)	7/34/26/21 (23.9)
SUV
Isometabolism (%)	3 (6.0)	39 (44.3)	0.000	0.035
Hypometabolism	0	3
Hypermetabolism (n = 47)
Maximum	5.89 ± 2.55	4.74 ± 2.05	0.019	0.517
Average	4.38 ± 1.35	3.68 ± 1.05	0.006	0.0282
TNR (SUV ratio)	1.70 ± 0.51	1.50 ± 0.45	0.048	0.352
Pathology			0.042
Low-/high-grade (n = 12/n = 34) (%)	7 (58.3)/5	27 (79.4)/7

¹1.06-31.8;

²1.3-127.9. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; AFP: α-fetoprotein; PIVKAII: Protein induced by vitamin K antagonist II; PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombosis; SUV: Standardized uptake value; TNR: Tumor-to-nontumor ratio.