Update on risk scoring systems for patients with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage

Table 1 Rockall score

Component score	0	1	2	3
Age (yr)	< 60	60-79	≥ 80	-
Haemodynamics:
Pulse (bpm)	< 100	≥ 100	-	-
Systolic BP (mmHg)	≥ 100	≥ 100	< 100	-
Comorbidities	None	-	IHD, cardiac failure, other major comorbidity	Renal or liver failure, disseminated malignancy
Diagnosis	MW or no lesion and no stigmata	All other diagnosis	Malignant lesions of UGIT	-
Stigmata of haemorrhage	No stigmata or dark spot on ulcer	-	Blood in UGIT, adherent clot, visible/spurting vessel	-

A score of ≤ 2 identifies a low-risk patient suitable for early discharge. UGIT: Upper gastrointestinal tract; IHD: Ischaemic heart disease; MW: M-Weiss tear; GI: Gastrointestinal. BP: Blood pressure.