Relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Meta-analysis

Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies

Study	Country	Type of study	Age, yr (mean ± SD)	Confirmation of HCV	Confirmation of T2D
Akbar et al[40]	Saudi Arabia	CC	94% had > 402	Anti-HCV	FBS
Antonelli et al[41]	Italy	CC	65 ± 10	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	FPG
Arao et al[42]	Japan	CC		Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	Random, FBG
Boschi-Pinto et al[43]	Japan	Cohort	65% had > 542	Anti-HCV	Nil
Butt et al[44]	United States	Cohort	50.82		ICD-9
Caronia et al[45]	Italy	CC	57.5 ± 8	Anti-HCV	FPG
Chehadeh et al[8]	Kuwait	Cohort	51 (23-73)3	HCV RNA	FPG
Chen et al[46]	Taiwan	CS		Anti-HCV
Gulcan et al[47]	Turkey	CC	56.89 ± 11.9	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	Guideline5
Howard et al[48]	United States	CS	51 (37-75)3	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	Patient reported, FPG
Huang et al[49]	Taiwan	CC	52.7 ± 0.73	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	FPG
Imazeki et al[50]	Japan	CC	45 ± 16.5	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	FBS
Jadoon et al[51]	Nigeria	Cohort	48.19 ± 10.32	Anti-HCV	Clinic diagnosed
Kaabia et al[52]	Tunisia	CS	55.62	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	Patient reported
Knobler et al[53]	Israel	CC	54 ± 14	HCV RNA	FPG
Lecube et al[54]	Spain	Cohort	52.9 ± 14.1	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	FPG
Li-Ng et al[55]	United States	Cohort	30-794	HbsAg1	ICD-9
Mason et al[5]	United States	CS	72% had > 37	Anti-HCV	FPG, Random
Marzouk et al[56]	Egypt	Cohort	> 252	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	FBS
Mehta et al[57]	United States	CS	> 202	Anti-HCV	FPG
Nwokediuko et al[58]	Nigeria	CS	55.8 ± 11.84	Anti-HCV	FPG
Okan et al[59]	Turkey	CS	51.92	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	Nil
Olokoba et al[60]	Nigeria	CS	51.5 ± 12	Anti-HCV	FBS
Papatheodoridis et al[7]	Greece	Cohort	48.1 ± 15.3	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	FPG
Qureshi et al[61]	Pakistan	CS	42 ± 13	Anti-HCV	Random
Rouabhia et al[62]	Pakistan	CS	55 ± 9	Anti-HCV, HCV RNA	FPG
Ryu et al[63]	Korea	Cohort	44 ± 14	Anti-HCV	FPG
Sangiorgio et al[64]	Italy	CS		Anti-HCV
Simó et al[65]	Spain	CC	46.4 ± 21.2	Anti-HCV	WHO
Wang et al[66]	Taiwan	Cohort	50.9 ± 14.2	Anti-HCV	FPG
Wang et al[67]	China	CC	50.9 ± 14.2	HCV RNA	FBS

¹For HBV infection;

²Mean;

³Mean and range;

⁴Range only;

⁵American Diabetes Association Guideline. CC: Case-control study; CS: Cross-sectional study; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; IFG: Impaired fasting glycaemic; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; T2D: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; ICD-9: International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; WHO: World Health Organization.