Impact of comorbidities on the severity of chronic hepatitis B at presentation

Table 2 Risk factors associated with cirrhosis in hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients n (%)

Variable	Chronic hepatitis	Cirrhosis	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	44.9 ± 12.0	56.2 ± 11.6	1.06 (1.05-1.07)	1.10 (1.08-1.11)	< 0.001
Gender
Male	371 (81.9)	192 (77.1)	1
Female	82 (18.1)	57 (22.9)	1.34 (0.92-1.97)
HBeAg
Negative	387 (85.4)	225 (90.4)	1
Positive	66 (14.6)	24 (9.6)	0.63 (0.38-1.03)
Anti-HCV
Negative	382 (84.3)	187 (75.1)	1	1	0.300
Positive	71 (15.7)	62 (24.9)	1.78 (1.22-2.62)	1.23 (0.84-1.80)
HCV-RNA
Negative	382 (86.2)	187 (77.3)	1	1	0.200
Positive	61 (13.8)	55 (22.7)	1.84 (1.23-2.76)	1.44 (0.65-1.72)
Anti-HDV
Negative	410 (90.5)	207 (83.1)	1	1	< 0.001
Positive	43 (9.5)	42 (16.9)	1.94 (1.23-3.06)	2.68 (1.56-4.61)
Anti-HIV
Negative	449 (99.1)	241 (96.8)	1	1	0.010
Positive	4 (0.9)	8 (3.2)	3.73 (1.11-12.50)	5.78 (1.50-22.27)
Alcohol (drinks/d)
0	247 (54.5)	117 (47.0)	1	1
< 4	143 (31.6)	56 (22.4)	0.83 (0.57-1.21)	0.69 (0.48-1.07)	0.080
4-8	35 (7.7)	37 (14.9)	2.23 (1.34-3.72)	2.30 (1.29-4.01)	0.005
> 8	28 (6.2)	39 (15.7)	2.94 (1.73-5.01)	2.42 (1.31-4.46)	0.005
BMI (kg/m2)
< 25	247 (54.5)	121 (48.6)	1
25-30	173 (38.2)	107 (43.0)	1.26 (0.91-1.75)
> 30	33 (7.3)	21 (8.4)	1.30 (0.72-2.34)

Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) deriving from multiple logistic regression analysis. Patients with HCC were excluded from the analysis. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HDV: Hepatitis D virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; BMI: Body mass index.