Probiotic modulation of dendritic cells co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells

Figure 4 Effect of probiotics on the production of cytokines from single- or co-cultured dendritic cells. Supernatants were obtained from probiotic-treated dendritic cells (DC) cultured in the presence or absence of intestinal monolayers for 12 h. Levels of interleutkin (IL)-6 (A), IL-10 (B), IL-12p70 (C), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (D), and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β (E) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data are shown as mean ± SE of three representative experiments. Different letters indicate significant differences among the control, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and probiotics determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (P < 0.05). Significant difference between the single culture and co-culture as determined by Student’s t-test (P < 0.05). BL: Bifidobacterium lactis AD011; BB: Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4; LC: Lactobacillus casei IBS041; LA: Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031.