Risk factors for adverse outcome in low rectal cancer

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of 331 patients with low rectal cancer

Characteristic	OS			DFS
	HR	95% CIfor HR	Pvalue	HR	95% CIfor HR	P value
Tumor size (cm)			0.131			0.067
< 4	1.000			1.000
≥ 4	1.327	0.920-1.915		1.388	0.977-1.971
Type of surgery			0.091			0.112
APR	1.000			1.000
SPS	0.754	0.544-1.047		0.778	0.572-1.060
Resection margins			0.031			0.012
Negative	1.000			1.000
Positive	1.644	1.047-2.582		1.728	1.129-2.644
Histopathologic grade			0.150			0.047
Well	1.000			1.000
Moderate	1.061	0.688-1.637	0.788	1.108	0.735-1.670	0.624
Poor	1.515	0.917-2.504	0.105	1.665	1.039-2.666	0.034
pT stage			0.003			0.006
1-2	1.000			1.000
3-4	1.781	1.212-2.616		1.669	1.162-2.396
pTNM stage			< 0.001			< 0.001
I-II	1.000			1.000
III-IV	2.153	1.515	3.058	1.839	1.332-2.540

OS: Overall survival; DFS: Disease-free survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; APR: Abdominoperineal resection; SPS: Sphincter-preserving surgery.