Prediction of gastric cancer metastasis through urinary metabolomic investigation using GC/MS

Table 2 Marker metabolites found in normal and cancer groups

Metabolites	Retention time	P value1	A (normal)	B (cancer2)	R3
Lactic acid	7.196	2.4 × 10-5	79.24 ± 6.1	187.04 ± 71.99	1.36
Butanoic acid	9.412	0.000	16.79 ± 0.52	27.33 ± 4.98	0.63
Propanoic acid	14.293	0.000	60.58 ± 9.79	147.77 ± 15.3	1.43
Glycerol	12.511	0.000	147 ± 8.98	269.13 ± 50.31	0.83
Pyrimidine	14.705	0.000	61.68 ± 8.05	163.11 ± 12.23	1.64
Butanedioic acid	13.933	0.1 × 10-5	161.51 ± 5.85	267.89 ± 54.64	0.66
Malic acid	19.301	0.000	10.7 ± 1.91	32.15 ± 1.16	2.00
Citric acid	28.768	1.4 × 10-4	1291.89 ± 364.74	2164.74 ± 529.58	0.68
Hexadecanoic acid	34.612	4.17 × 10-4	1347.84 ± 304.67	2066.57 ± 437.28	0.53
Uric acid	35.691	0.000	172.2 ± 17.03	214.52 ± 7.74	0.25

¹P values were calculated based on Student t test (significance at P < 0.05);

²Cancer group included the non-metastasis group and the metastasis group;

³R value was calculated from the arithmetic mean values of each group. R = (B-A)/A. R with a positive value indicates a relatively higher concentration in cancer group while a negative value means a relatively lower concentration as compared with the normal group.