Helicobacter pylori's virulence and infection persistence define pre-eclampsia complicated by fetal growth retardation

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study populations (continuous variables)

Variable	Controls (n = 49) Median (25th-75th)	PE-only (n = 17) Median (25th-75th)	PE FGR (n = 32) Median (25th-75th)	FGR-only (n = 13) Median (25th-75th)	P value1
Maternal age at delivery (yr)	30 (28-33)4	29 (24-32)	30 (26-34)7	25 (24-26)47	4< 0.001; 70.002
Gestational age at delivery (wk)	40 (39-41)234	30 (28-31)256	32 (31-34)35	34 (32-39)46	234< 0.001; 50.045; 60.009
Neonatal weight (g)	3380 (3170-3700)234	1140 (1045-1570)2	1278 (920-1668)3	1600 (1060-2730)4	234< 0.001
Placental weight (g)	600 (500-650)234	300 (240-410)2	280 (215-360)3	345 (300-470)4	234< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	120 (110-120)23	160 (150-160)26	150 (148-160)37	120 (120-125)67	2367< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	75 (70-80)23	100 (100-100)26	100 (95-105)37	77 (75-80) 67	2367< 0.001
Proteinuria (g/24 h)	0 (0-0)23	2.21 (1.52-3)26	1.34 (0.79-2.38)37	0 (0-0)67	2367< 0.001

¹P values were calculated by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test, with post-hoc analysis by Mann-Whitney U test.

²Comparison between controls and PE-only group;

³Comparison between Controls and PE FGR group;

⁴Comparison between controls and FGR-only group;

⁵Comparison between PE-only and PE FGR groups;

⁶Comparison between PE-only and FGR-only groups;

⁷Comparison between PE-only and FGR-only groups. PE: Pre-eclampsia; FGR: Fetal growth retardation.