Failed biliary cannulation: Clinical and technical outcomes after tertiary referral endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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Dec 7, 2011 (publication date) through Feb 17, 2025

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 7, 2011; 17(45): 4993-4998
Published online Dec 7, 2011. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i45.4993

Table 1 Schutz grade for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography degree of difficulty for biliary procedures[11]

	Biliary procedures
Grade 1	Diagnostic cholangiogram
	Biliary cytology
	Standard sphincterotomy ± removal of stones < 10 mm
	Stricture dilatation/stent for extra-hepatic stricture
	or bile leak
Grade 2	Diagnostic cholangiogram with
	Billroth II anatomy
	Removal of CBD stones > 10 mm
	Stricture dilatation/stent for hilar tumors or benign intrahepatic strictures
Grade 3	SOD manometry
	Cholangioscopy
	Any therapy with Billroth II anatomy
	Removal of intrahepatic stones or any stones with lithotripsy

CBD: Common bile duct; SOD: Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.

Citation: Swan MP, Bourke MJ, Williams SJ, Alexander S, Moss A, Hope R, Ruppin D. Failed biliary cannulation: Clinical and technical outcomes after tertiary referral endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17(45): 4993-4998
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v17/i45/4993.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i45.4993