Association of upper gastrointestinal symptoms with functional and clinical characteristics in the elderly

Table 3 Risk factors for upper gastrointestinal symptoms according to upper gastro-intestinal symptom questionnaire for the elderly clusters in elderly outpatients

	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
Sex (female)	1.39	1.17-1.64	< 0.0001
Respiratory disease	1.25	1.01-1.54	0.0430
Upper gastroenterological diseases	3.01	2.52-3.60	< 0.0001
Lower gastroenterological diseases	2.25	1.70-2.97	< 0.0001
Psychiatric diseases	1.60	1.28-2.01	< 0.0001
Need of assistance in activities of daily living	1.47	1.12-1.93	0.0057
Smoking status (actual smoker)	1.29	1.00-1.65	0.0476
Body mass index (kg/m2)	1.06	1.04-1.08	< 0.0001