Risk factors for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A case-control study in China

Table 2 Distribution of risk factors in hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients and controls n (%)

Risk factors	Controls (n = 608)	HC patients (n = 313)	P
Biliary tract condition and operation
Choledocholithiasis	8 (1.3)	28 (8.9)	< 0.0001
Hepatolithiasis	7 (1.2)	25 (8.0)	< 0.0001
Cholecystolithiasis	45 (7.4)	98 (31.3)	< 0.0001
Cholecystectomy	3 (0.5)	23 (7.3)	< 0.0001
PSC	0 (0.0)	2 (0.6)	0.115
Biliary ascariasis	4 (0.7)	15 (4.8)	< 0.0001
Liver fluke	1 (0.2)	4 (1.3)	0.048
Liver schistosomiasis	3 (0.5)	12 (3.8)	< 0.0001
Infectious etiologies
HBV infection	38 (6.3)	23 (7.3)	0.526
HCV infection	13 (2.1)	3 (1.0)	0.151
Other risk factors
UC	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	0.340
Alcoholic liver disease	2 (0.3)	2 (0.6)	0.498
Diabetes mellitus type II	37 (6.1)	17 (5.4)	0.689
Smoking	134 (22.0)	63 (20.0)	0.503

HC: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; UC: Ulcerative colitis.