Pre-operative factors that can predict neoplastic polypoid lesions of the gallbladder

Table 1 Comparative data for the prevalence of the demographic, laboratory and sonographic findings between the non-neoplastic polyp group and the neoplastic polyp group (mean ± SD) n (%)

	Total (n = 210)	Non-neoplastic (n = 146)	Neoplastic (n = 64)	P
Age (yr)	51.8 ± 13.7	49.1 ± 12.3	57.9 ± 14.7	< 0.001
Age > 65 yr	49 (23.3)	22 (15.1)	27 (42.2)	< 0.001
Gender, male	109 (51.9)	77 (52.7)	32 (50.0)	0.785
BMI (kg/m2)	24.0 ± 2.97	23.9 ± 3.01	24.1 ± 2.89	0.620
Obesity	79 (38.2)	53 (36.6)	26 (41.9)	0.465
Hypertension	34 (16.3)	20 (13.7)	14 (22.2)	0.126
Diabetes mellitus	46 (21.9)	21 (13.0)	27 (42.1)	< 0.001
Hypercholesterolemia	77 (36.7)	57 (39.0)	20 (31.3)	0.135
RUQ pain	37 (17.6)	24 (16.4)	13 (20.3)	0.498
Total bilirubin (g/dL)	1.22 ± 3.41	0.91 ± 0.41	1.93 ± 6.17	0.189
ALP (g/dL)	69.4 ± 60.9	62.5 ± 20.2	84.7 ± 104.7	0.097
AST (IU/dL)	33.2 ± 61.9	26.2 ± 21.4	49.2 ± 105.9	0.090
ALT (IU/dL)	34.5 ± 42.0	29.1 ± 23.3	47.0 ± 66.2	0.041
Size ( mm)	16.1 ± 8.20	13.5 ± 4.5	22.1 ± 11.1	< 0.001
Size > 15 mm	78 (37.1)	33 (22.3)	45 (70.3)	< 0.001
Location				0.977
Fundus	156 (74.3)	109 (74.7)	47 (73.4)
Body	44 (21.0)	30 (20.5)	14 (21.9)
Neck	10 (4.8)	7 (4.8)	3 (4.7)
No. of polyps				0.002
Multiple	76 (36.2)	63 (43.2)	13 (20.3)
Solitary	134 (63.8)	83 (56.8)	51 (79.7)
Hyperechoic spots				0.315
No	172 (81.9)	117 (80.1)	55 (85.9)
Yes	38 (18.1)	29 (19.9)	9 (14.1)
Echogenecity				0.125
Anechoic or hyperechoic	130 (61.9)	96 (65.8)	34 (53.1)
Hypoechoic or isoechoic	80 (38.1)	50 (34.2)	30 (46.9)
Echo pattern				0.093
Homogeneous	115 (52.9)	85 (58.2)	30 (46.9)
Inhomogeneous	95 (45.2)	60 (41.1)	35 (54.7)
Sonographic surface pattern				< 0.001
Smooth surface	174 (82.9)	131 (89.7)	43 (67.2)
Nodular surface	36 (17.1)	15 (10.3)	21 (32.8)

BMI: Body mass index; RUQ: Right upper quadrant; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase. Obesity: BMI higher than 25 kg/m².