Endocrine impact of Helicobacter pylori: Focus on ghrelin and ghrelin o-acyltransferase

Table 1 Original studies measuring total ghrelin only (in chronological order)

Subjects	Nationality	Tissue	Total ghrelin in H. pylori infection (or cure)	Ref.
39 Adults F	Turkish	G	-	[78]
10 Adults F + M	UK	P	↑ after H. pylori cure	[79]
68 Adults F + M	Japanese	P	↓	[80]
160 Adults F + M	Japanese	G + P	↓ more so as atrophy increases	[81]
89 Adults F + M	Japanese	P	↓ but did not recover after cure	[82]
225 Adults F + M	Japanese	P	↓ in chronic gastritis	[83]
61 Adults F + M	Japanese	G + P	↓ and associated with virulence strain	[84]
132 Adults F + M	Japanese	P	↓	[85]
100 Adults F + M	Polish	P	↓	[86]
56 Adults F + M	Japanese	P	↓	[87]
146 Children F + M	Polish	P	↓	[88]
134 Adults F + M	Japanese	G + P	↑ or ↓ after cure, depending on BMI. Ghrl mRNA ↑	[89]
62 Adults (> 75 yr) F + M	French	G + P	↓	[90]
120 Adults, 60 children F + M	Polish	P	↓	[91]
63 Adults F + M	Korean	G + P	- no healthy control group	[92]
50 Adults F + M	Turkish	P	- in absence of atrophic gastritis	[93]
85 Prepubertal children F + M	Italian	P	↓ related to severity of gastritis	[69]
256 Adults M	American	G + P	-	[94]
100 Adults F + M	Chinese	P	↓	[95]
22 Adults F + M	Korean	G + P	↑ ghrl mRNA after cure	[96]
341 Adults F + M	Chinese	P	↓ in males only	[97]

F: Female; M: Male; G: Gastric tissue; P: Plasma; Ghrl: Ghrelin; ↑: Increased; ↓: Decreased.