Endoscopic management of occluded biliary uncovered metal stents: A multicenter experience

Table 2 Outcomes of interventions and financial cost in the course of treatment of first self-expanding metal stent occlusion, median (range) (d)

	Plastic stent	Second SEMS	Mechanical cleaning	All types	P
Intervention for first occlusion
No. of patients	24	25	5	54
Νo further interventions required
No. of patients	13 (54.2%)	17 (68%)	1 (20%)	31 (57.4%)
Survival after first occlusion without further interventions	84 (40-179)	116 (62-227)	39	97 (39-227)
Further intervention(s) required
No. of patients	11 (45.8%)	8 (32%)	4 (80%)	23 (42.6%)
Types of intervention	11 plastic stents insertion	5 plastic stents insertion	3 plastic stents insertion	19 plastic stents insertion
		3 mechanical cleaning	1 insertion of SEMS	1 insertion of SEMS
				3 mechanical cleaning
Time to second occlusion (d)	91 (60-74)	144 (26-331)	112 (21-180)	96 (21-331)
Overall second stent patency	106 (39-645)	133 (26-331)			0.856
Second stent patency	88 (40-179)	133 (26-331)			< 0.001
Survival after first occlusion	106 (40-645)	177 (60-870)	210 (39-390)	142 (39-870)	0.180
Number of interventions per patient	1 (1-5)	1 (1-4)	2 (1-3)	1 (1-5)	0.199
Cost per patient in euros	590 (380-2550)	2170 (1870-3620)	1020 (380-2550)	1685 (380-3620)	< 0.001

SEMS: Self-expanding metal stent.