Betaine inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 expression in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury

Table 3 Changes of rat serum endotoxin, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-18

Groups	n	Endotoxin (ng/L)	TNF-α (pg/mL)	INF-γ (pg/mL)	IL-18 (pg/mL)
Control	12	44.15 ± 7.54b	9.34 ± 2.57b	16.86 ± 9.49b	19.73 ± 9.31b
Model	8	135.37 ± 30.17	20.81 ± 8.58	30.18 ± 7.60	40.99 ± 8.25
Low dose betaine	12	87.36 ± 15.93b	12.61 ± 1.70b	22.63 ± 4.90b	26.51 ± 5.59b
High dose betaine	12	61.80 ± 12.56bd	9.79 ± 1.32bd	18.02 ± 5.96bd	18.23 ± 7.01bd

^bP < 0.01 compared with model group;

^dP < 0.01 compared with low dose betaine group. TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-10: Interleukin-10; IL-18: Interleukin-18; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ.