Vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer: Imaging modalities, preoperative diagnosis and surgical management

Table 1 CT performance in the detection of vascular invasion in more than 50 patients with pancreatic cancer

Studies (yr)	n	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)
Megibow et al[24] (1995)	118	47	69	89	28
Raptopoulos et al[208] (1997)	82	NA	NA	NA	96
Sugiyama et al[91] (1997)	73	651	77	NA	NA
McCarthy et al[16] (1998)	67	NA	NA	55/942	95/94
Diehl et al[209] (1998)	89	86	NA	NA	NA
Böttger et al[10] (1998)	255	22.23	96.4	72.7	74.1
Sugiyama et al[88] (1999)	91	644	79	NA	NA
Nakao et al[105] (1999)	55	82.15	74.1	76.7	80
Pietrabissa et al[130] (1999)	50	82	53	NA	NA
Gress et al[89] (1999)	151	15	100	100	60
Squillaci et al[69] (2003)	50	97	100	100	95
House et al[210] (2004)	115	85-876	95-99	83-93	92-98
Soriano et al[8] (2004)	62	67	94	89	80
Li et al[36] (2005)	54	92/797	100/99	NA	NA
Buchs et al[98] (2007)	153	54.58	91.2	66.7	86.1

^1,3,4,5Only evaluated for portal vein invasion;

²PPV of 55% for venous invasion and 94% for arterial invasion; NPV of 95% for venous invasion and 94% for arterial invasion;

⁶Sensitivity of 85% for the superior mesenteric and portal vein invasion, 86% for the superior mesenteric artery invasion, 87% for the celiac trunk invasion; specificity of 95% for the superior mesenteric vein and portal vein involvement, 97% for the superior mesenteric artery invasion, 99% for celiac trunk involvement; PPV of 90% for the superior mesenteric vein and portal vein invasion, 83% for the superior mesenteric artery involvement, 93% for celiac trunk invasion; NPV of 92% for the superior mesenteric vein and portal vein involvement, 98% for the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk invasion;

⁷Sensitivity of 92% for venous invasion and 79% for arterial invasion; specificity of 100% for the veins and 99% for the arteries;

⁸For multi-slice CT. CT: Computer tomography; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; NA: Not available.