Involvement of PI3K and ERK1/2 pathways in hepatocyte growth factor-induced cholangiocarcinoma cell invasion

Figure 2 HGF induction of cholangiocarcinoma motility and invasiveness. In vitro invasion and motility assays of HuCCA-1 (A) and KKU-M213 (B) cells were conducted in a Transwell unit coated with and without Matrigel. Cells (10⁵) in serum-free medium were plated in the upper chamber of a Transwell unit and 0-100 ng/mL HGF added to the lower chamber. After 6 h of incubation, cells invading to the lower compartment of the Transwell unit were stained and counted. The numbers of invaded/motile cells are presented as mean ± SE of results obtained from three independent experiments. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, vs untreated control.