Biomarkers in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: Predictors of progression and prognosis

Table 3 Summary of the molecular signatures discovered by microarray technology and latest methods used to correlate molecular alterations and prognosis in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma

Method	Sample size (n)	Outcome	Findings	Statistical significance	External validation	Ref.
Oligonucleotide cRNA microarray	75	Survival	A 4-gene signature prognosticated patients	P = 0.0001	Yes	[113]
	77	Lymphatic spread	Created a gene signature predicting lymph node metastasis	Argininosuccinate synthetase expression (ASS) (P = 0.048)	No	[114]
	19	Chemotherapy response	Unsupervised hierarchical clustering divided patients into 2 groups, one of which responded to preoperative chemotherapy	Not statistically significant	No	[115,116]
	47	Chemotherapy response	86 genes dysregulated	P < 0.001	No	[117]
			Ephrin B3 expression associated with chemotherapy response, tumor grading and stage
Oligonucleotide cDNA microarray	46	Chemotherapy response	Gene signature not predictive in adenocarcinoma of esophagus	Not statistically significant	No	[118]
Proteomic analysis	34	Chemotherapy response	HSP27 expression associated with response to chemotherapy	P < 0.05	No	[119]
Single nucleotide polymorphism	210	Survival and recurrence	5 polymorphisms in 3 genes associated with longer recurrence free survival and reduced recurrence	P = 0.004	No	[120]
microRNAs analysis	96	Survival	Low miR-375 levels associated with worse survival	P = 0.002	No	[121]
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification	33	Survival	Patients with more than 12 chromosomal aberrations had a poorer outcome than patients with < 12	P = 0.014	No	[122]