Predictive factors associated with malignancy of intraductal papillary mucinous pancreatic neoplasms

Table 2 Univariate analysis of preoperative findings associated with malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas

Factor	Benign (n = 81)	Malignant (n = 48)	P value
Age (yr)
< 60	27	24	0.063
≥ 60	54	24
Sex
Male	64	30	0.064
Female	17	18
Alcohol
Non-alcoholic	50	37	0.083
Alcoholic	31	11
Smoking
Non-smoker	53	35	0.437
Current smoker	28	13
Diabetes mellitus
No	59	30	0.242
Yes	22	18
Symptoms
No	49	17	0.007
Yes	32	31
Tumor size (cm)
≤ 4	66	30	0.019
> 4	15	18
MPD diameter (mm)
≤ 7	54	18	0.002
> 7	27	30
Mural nodules on CT
No	77	44	0.469
Yes	4	4
Amylase (U/L)
≤ 100	53	37	0.173
> 100	28	11
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
≤ 1.2	75	41	0.231
> 1.2	6	7
CEA ( ng/mL)
≤ 6	79	48	0.529
> 6	2	0
CA 19-91 (U/mL)
≤ 37	65	32	0.063
> 37	10	12
Location in pancreas
Head	52	28	0.575
Body or tail	29	20
Intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy on CT
No	73	33	0.003
Yes	8	15
Duct type
Main or mixed	47	36	0.059
Branch duct	34	12
Extrapancreatic malignancy
No	61	45	0.014
Yes	20	3

¹Missing data on CA 19-9 in some patients was presented. MPD: Main pancreatic duct; CT: Computed tomography; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA: Carbohydrate antigen.