Present and future possibilities for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 HCC specific risk groups (AASLD Practice Guideline 2005)[7]

Hepatitis B carriers	Non-hepatitis B carriers
Cirrhotic patients (incidence of HCC: 3%-5%/year)	Hepatitis C (incidence of HCC: 2%-8%/year)
Non-cirrhotic patients with high HBV DNA and hepatitis activity	Alcoholic cirrhosis
Positive family history of HCC	Genetic hemochromatosis
Asian males > 40 years (incidence of HCC: 0.4%-0.6%/year)	Primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis
Asian females > 50 years (incidence of HCC: 0.2%/year)	α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Africans > 20 years (incidence of HCC: > 0.2%/year)	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis