Diabetes mellitus and hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of Chinese patients with and without HBV-related cirrhosis

Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis n (%)

Variable	Patients with LC1 (n = 122)	Patients without LC1 (n = 102)	P value2
Mean age (yr)	54.7 ± 10.0	54.6 ± 11.4	0.909
Male sex	106 (86.9)	84 (82.4)	0.346
Diabetes mellitus	19 (15.6)	8 (7.8)	0.077
Overweight or obesitya	54 (60.7)	41 (56.2)	0.562
Hypertension	33 (27.0)	26 (25.5)	0.792
Body weight (kg)	69.7 ± 11.4	67.7 ± 10.4	0.168
Body heighta (cm)	169.4 ± 6.2	169.5 ± 6.6	0.912
Mean body mass indexa (kg/m2)	24.1 ± 3.6	23.7 ± 3.1	0.441
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	128 ± 15	130 ± 16	0.323
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	78 ± 9	79 ± 9	0.255
Mean artery pressure (mmHg)	95 ± 10	96 ± 10	0.243
Past history of HBV infection	103 (84.4)	70 (68.6)	0.005
Smoking	57 (46.7)	42 (41.2)	0.405
Alcohol intake	43 (35.2)	26 (25.5)	0.115
Positive for HBeAgb	32 (29.4)	20 (22.2)	0.254
HBV-DNAc, Log10	5.35 ± 1.37	5.26 ± 1.51	0.829
AFPd, > 400 ng/mL	59 (50.9)	51 (51.0)	0.984
Child-Pugh Score3	7 (6-10)	5 (5-6)	< 0.001
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.99 ± 2.44	5.73 ± 1.93	0.362
Total bilirubin3 (mg/L)	17 (9-31)	10 (8-17)	< 0.001
Albumin level (g/L)	34.8 ± 6.3	38.8 ± 5.6	< 0.001
International normalized ratio	1.31 ± 0.27	1.12 ± 0.15	< 0.001
Alanine aminotransferase3 (U/L)	58 (37-90)	45 (30-81)	0.050
γ glutamyl transferase3 (U/L)	110 (52-257)	117 (61-257)	0.816
Platelet count3 (× 109/L)	94 (61-152)	162 (115-217)	< 0.001
Triglyceridese (mmol/L)	1.02 ± 0.54	1.02 ± 0.49	0.995
Total cholesterole (mmol/L)	4.08 ± 1.44	4.53 ± 1.13	0.047
HDL cholesterolf (mmol/L)	0.89 ± 0.48	0.99 ± 0.38	0.152
LDL cholesterolf (mmol/L)	2.21 ± 1.10	2.78 ± 0.92	0.002
Creatinine3 (mg/dL)	0.9 (0.8-1.0)	0.9 (0.8-1.0)	0.839
Blood urea nitrogen3 (mmol/L)	4.95 (3.85-6.32)	5.02 (3.96-6.19)	0.927

¹Plus-minus value indicates mean ± SD;

²Comparison of the two groups, using independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney non-parametric U-test or Pearson χ² tests, respectively, depending on the categories of variables and different conditions. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and selected for multivariable analysis, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with marginal differences;

³Median (inter-quartile range, Q1-Q3). Data were available in

^a162 (89 + 73),

^b199 (109 + 90),

^c57 (41 + 16),

^d216 (116 + 100),

^e148 (87 + 61) and

^f132 (79 + 53) patients. In the brackets, the numbers before the plus sign indicate the available cases in the group of patients with cirrhosis, whereas the latter indicate the cases in another group of patients without cirrhosis. AFP: α-fetoprotein; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LC: Liver cirrhosis; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein.