Chemoprotective effects of curcumin in esophageal epithelial cells exposed to bile acids

Figure 1 Effect of curcumin concentration on cell viability and proliferation at concentration ≥ 100 μmol/L (A) and ≤ 10 μmol/L (B). HET-1A cells incubated in 96-well plates at a density of 10 000 cells/well for 24 h demonstrated decreased cell viability and proliferation in the presence of curcumin at a concentration ≥ 100 μmol/L or ≤ 10 μmol/L. The viability and proliferation were also reduced in the presence of curcumin combined with deoxycholic acid (DCA) when compared to vehicle control (2.5% ethanol). ^aP < 0.05 vs vehicle control. MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium; BrdU: 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine; DCA: Deoxycholic acid.