Effect of probiotics on pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation in ulcerative colitis

Figure 1 Hematoxylin and eosin staining of colonic tissue (HE, × 250). A: Control group showed no damage; B: Patients before treatment showed necrotic destruction of the epithelium, inflammatory cellular infiltration, and ulceration of the mucosa and submucosa; C: Sulfasalazine group showed attenuation of the extent and severity of the histological signs; D: Probiotic group showed inhibition of the extent of inflammation, and prevention of mucosal injury.