Conservative management of chronic gastric volvulus: 44 cases over 5 years

Table 4 Risk factors for symptom recurrence in patients with chronic gastric volvulus, as determined by log rank test

	Dichotomous variable	Patient number	Median recurrence-free period, mo (95% CI)	P value
Age (yr)	< 70/≥ 70	22/22	4 (2.2-5.8)/4 (2.9-5.1)	0.798
Sex	M/F	37/7	4 (2.2-5.8)/3 (0.4-5.6)	0.158
Delayed diagnosis1	Yes/no	20/24	2 (0.2-3.8)/24 (NA)	0.065
Presenting symptoms
Abdominal fullness	Yes/no	24/20	2 (0.6-3.4)/5 (3.0-7.0)	0.101
Abdominal pain	Yes/no	25/19	4 (2.5-5.5)/4 (0-27.0)	0.751
Acid regurgitation	Yes/no	9/35	5 (1.5-8.5)/4 (2.7-5.3)	0.680
Non-cardiac chest pain	Yes/no	18/26	2 (0.6-3.4)/5 (3.6-6.4)	0.096
Dysphagia	Yes/no	8/36	3 (0-7.2)/4 (2.9-5.1)	0.620
Dyspnea	Yes/no	9/35	4 (NA)/4 (2.6-5.4)	0.218
Heartburn	Yes/no	10/34	2 (0-4.1)/4 (2.3-5.7)	0.079
Nausea	Yes/no	17/27	5 (2.9-7.1)/4 (2.8-5.2)	0.810
Vomiting	Yes/no	5/39	4 (1.9-6.1)/4 (2.3-5.7)	0.580
Hematemesis	Yes/no	2/42	2 (NA)/4 (2.4-5.6)	0.332
Previous thoracic or abdominal surgery	Yes/no	10/34	3 (2.1-3.9)/5 (3.3-6.7)	0.061
Reflux esophagitis	Yes/no	14/30	4 (2.2-5.8)/4 (1.7-6.2)	0.466
Diaphragm eventration	Yes/no	13/31	3 (0.6-5.4)/5 (3.0-7.0)	0.126
Diaphragm defect	Yes/no	8/36	4(2.7-5.3)/4 (2.4-5.6)	0.755
Paraesophageal hernia	Yes/no	7/37	4 (1.4-6.6)/3 (1.4-4.6)	0.828
Sliding hernia	Yes/no	10/34	4 (2.5-5.5)/3 (0.4-5.3)	0.510
Peritoneal adhesion	Yes/no	11/33	1 (0-2.0)/5 (3.3-6.7)	0.015
Choledocholithiasis	Yes/no	9/35	2 (0.5-3.4)/4 (2.7-5.3)	0.101
Diabetes mellitus	Yes/no	5/39	1 (NA)/4 (1.9-6.1)	0.307
Gastric ulcer	Yes/no	9/35	4 (1.1-6.9)/4 (1.8-6.2)	0.926

¹NA: Not applicable (95% CI could not be calculated as a result of small sample size).