Relationship between alcohol intake and dietary pattern: Findings from NHANES III

Table 1 Clinical characteristics and dietary patterns in male cohorts (n = 5144)

	Levels of alcohol consumption (g/d)					P value
	Non-drinkers (n = 3557)	< 16 (n = 372)	16-35 (n = 465)	36-64 (n = 353)	> 64 (n = 397)
Age (yr)	48.8 ± 19.5	46.4 ± 19.3	45.4 ± 17.8	42.9 ± 16.2	39.5 ± 14.1	< 0.01
Body mass index (kg/m2)	26.3 ± 4.1	25.5 ± 3.7	25.7 ± 3.6	25.9 ± 3.7	26.0 ± 3.9	0.87
Body weight (kg)	79.3 ± 14.3	76.9 ± 12.7	78.3 ± 12.3	79.1 ± 13.6	79.4 ± 14.0	0.82
Cigarette smoking (%)	24.8	25.5	37	41.9	50.6	< 0.01
Waist to hip ratio	0.96 ± 0.07	0.95 ± 0.07	0.95 ± 0.07	0.94 ± 0.07	0.94 ± 0.07	0.94
AST (U/L)	22.8 ± 12.7	22.6 ± 8.3	24.1 ± 11.9	26.4 ± 18.7	29.7 ± 26.1	< 0.01
ALT (U/L)	19.7 ± 15.2	19.1 ± 12.8	20.1 ± 13.4	21.6 ± 16.5	25.5 ± 23.2	< 0.01
Physical activity	76.7 ± 109.2	91.6 ± 108.4	91.2 ± 113.8	71.6 ± 98.1	71.5 ± 105.5	< 0.01
Total energy from food (kcal/d)	2 213 ± 838	2432 ± 850	2500 ± 848	2606 ± 857	3155 ± 1018	< 0.01
kcal from alcohol (%)	0	3.5 ± 2.1	8.0 ± 3.9	13.6 ± 6.2	24 ± 11.3	< 0.01
kcal from carbohydrate (%)	50.8 ± 10.7	47.7 ± 10.6	44.4 ± 9.8	42.2 ± 9.1	36.6 ± 8.4	< 0.01
kcal from protein (%)	16.1 ± 5.1	15.9 ± 4.6	15.5 ± 4.4	14.6 ± 4.1	12.9 ± 4.1	< 0.01
kcal from fat (%)	34.6 ± 9.0	34.1 ± 9.1	33.2 ± 9.2	30.7 ± 8.3	27.2 ± 9.2	< 0.01
kcal from monosaturated fat (%)	13.1 ± 4.0	13.0 ± 4.1	12.7 ± 4.1	11.7 ± 3.8	10.4 ± 3.8	< 0.01
kcal from polysaturated fat (%)	7.3 ± 3.4	7.0 ± 3.2	7.1 ± 3.5	6.2 ± 2.8	5.7 ± 3.3	< 0.04

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.