Use of pre-, pro- and synbiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Methodological characteristics of the clinical trials included in this meta-analysis

Trial	Patients (synbiotics/control)	Characteristics of patients (synbiotics/control)	Intervention	Control group	Length of treatment (d)
Oláh et al[16] (UK, 2002)	45 (22/23)	Mean Glasgow score (2.5/2.8), mean CRP (206.5/188.7) mg/L	109L. plantarum 299 + EN + 10 g oat fiber	EN + heat-killed L. plantarum 299 + oat fiber	7
Oláh et al[17] (UK, 2007)	62 (33/29)	Mean Imrie score (2.9/3.1), mean CRP (216.7/191.2) mg/L	Four LAB: 1010P. pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, L. paracasei and L. plantarum + four bioactive fiber (Synbiotics 2000) + EN	EN + four bioactive fiber	7
Karakan et al[25] (Turkey, 2007)	30 (15/15)	Mean APACHE II score (9.4/9.6), mean CRP (232/244) mg/L	24 g multi-fibers including soluble fibers and insoluble fibers + EN	EN	6-13
Qin et al[18] (China, 2008)	74 (36/38)	Mean APACHE II score (8.8/8.9), mean CRP (125/136) mg/L	108L. plantarum + EN + PN	PN	7
Besselink et al[19] (Netherlands, 2008)	296 (152/144)	Mean APACHE II score (8.6/8.4), mean Imrie score (3.3/3.4), mean CRP (268/270) mg/L	Six LAB: 1010L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. salivarius, L.lactis, B. bifidum, and B. lactis (Ecologic 641) + cornstarch + maltodextrins + fiber-riched EN	Cornstarch + maltodextrins + fiber-riched EN	28
Li et al[26] (China, 2007)	25 (14/11)	APACHE II score 8-20	Three LAB:7.2 × 107B. longum, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus (Golden Bifid)	Water	7
Wu et al[27] (China, 2009)	27 (14/13)	APACHE II score 8-20	Three strains: > 6 × 104L. lactis + L. acidophilus and S. lactis	N/A	7

N/A: Not applicable; APACHE II: Score of the second acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CRP: C-reactive protein; LAB: Lactic acid bacteria; L.: Lactobacillus; B.: Bifidobacterium; E.: Enterococcus; P.: Pediococcus; S.: Streptococcus; EN: Enteral nutrition; PN: Parenteral nutrition.