Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for recurrence of Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea

Table 3 Comparison of antibiotics used before diagnosis of Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea between non-recurrent and recurrent group (mean ± SD) n (%)

Type of antibiotics used	Non-recurrent CDAD (n = 98)	Recurrent CDAD (n = 27)	P value
No. of antibiotics used	2.58 ± 0.9	2.43 ± 0.8	0.560
No antibiotics	4 (4.1)	1 (3.7)	0.638
1 antibiotics	28 (28.6)	9 (33.3)	0.497
≥ 2 antibiotics	64 (65.3)	19 (70.4)	0.435
Penicillin analogue	19 (19.4)	6 (22.2)	0.561
Cephalosporin	79 (80.6)	22 (81.4)	0.613
Clindamycin	26 (26.5)	6 (22.2)	0.265
Quinolone	17 (17.3)	7 (25.9)	0.217
Macrolide	8 (8.2)	2 (7.4)	0.691
Carbapenem	11 (11.2)	5 (18.5)	0.215
Metronidazole	6 (6.1)	2 (7.4)	0.563
Vancomycin	3 (3.1)	1 (3.7)	0.729

CDAD: Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea.