Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for recurrence of Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea

Table 1 Univariate analysis of risk factors for recurrence of Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea (mean ± SD) n (%)

	Recurrence group (n = 27)	Non-recurrence group (n = 98)	P value
Age (≥ 65 yr)	16 (59.3)	31 (31.6)	0.021a
Female	15 (55.6)	53 (54.1)	0.905
Length of hospital stay (d)	36.5 ± 9.7	32.8 ± 8.5	0.152
Duration of antibiotics used (d)	13.1 ± 6.8	12.2 ± 5.8	0.105
Admission from institution	6 (22.2)	17 (17.4)	0.379
Severe CDAD	13 (48.2)	30 (30.6)	0.156
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	11 (40.7)	37 (37.8)	0.572
Malignancy	10 (37.1)	31 (31.6)	0.560
Renal failure	5 (18.5)	12 (12.3)	0.215
Active tuberculosis	2 (7.4)	6 (6.1)	0.719
NGT feeding	13 (48.1)	23 (23.5)	0.045a
WBC count, (mean) × 103/mm3	15.1 ± 9.7	12.3 ± 8.1	0.413
WBC count > 15 × 103/mm3	(44.4)	(40.8)
Hb (g/dL)	10.9 ± 1.9	11.4 ± 1.6	0.279
Serum albumin (g/dL)	2.3 ± 0.5	3.1 ± 0.4	0.025a
Serum albumin < 2.5 g/dL	(59.3)	(36.7)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.5 ± 1.4	1.2 ± 1.6	0.513
C-reactive protein (g/dL)	7.3 ± 4.8	5.6 ± 4.5	0.579
Use of PPIs	17 (63.0)	39 (39.8)	0.014a

^aP < 0.05. CDAD: Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea; WBC: White blood cells; NGT: Nasogastric tube.