Glycated hemoglobin and antidiabetic strategies as risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 5 Association of antidiabetic therapy, metabolic control and DM2 duration with HCC among diabetic patients: results of multivariate analyses using controls and LC subjects as comparison groups

	OR1	95% CI	P
Control group
Sex, male	1.860	0.636-5.441	0.2574
Age ≥ 65 yr	0.225	0.071-0.715	0.0115
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2	0.888	0.364-2.166	0.7936
Alcohol abuse	16.155	4.798-54.389	< 0.0001
Triglycerides (mg/dL, continuous)	1.001	0.994-1.008	0.8097
Cholesterol (mg/dL, continuous)	1.003	0.994-1.013	0.4890
Metformin vs sulphonylureas	0.149	0.039-0.507	0.0054
Insulin vs sulphonylureas	1.243	0.459-3.366	0.6686
DM2 duration (mo, continuous)	1.001	0.996-1.005	0.6740
HbA1c % (continuous)	1.265	0.943-1.699	0.1172
LC group
Sex, male	0.120	0.0051-0.278	< 0.0001
Age ≥ 65 yr	1.508	0.719-3.165	0.2774
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2	1.473	0.716-3.029	0.2928
HBV+	3.535	0.428-29.184	0.2410
HCV+	2.870	1.129-7.293	0.0267
Alcohol abuse	1.455	0.567-3.732	0.4351
ALT ≥ 53 IU/L	0.808	0.394-1.675	0.5606
Triglycerides (mg/dL, continuous)	1.002	0.995-1.008	0.6366
Cholesterol (mg/dL, continuous)	1.003	0.995-1.011	0.4012
Metformin vs sulphonylureas	0.163	0.057-0.462	0.0006
Insulin vs sulphonylureas	0.428	0.203-0.901	0.0255
DM2 duration (mo, continuous)	1.001	0.997-1.005	0.6723
HbA1c % (continuous)	1.508	1.197-1.899	0.0005

¹Patients with unknown therapy not included in analysis.