Endoscopic submucosal dissection training with pig models in a Western country

Table 1 Technical details of the 30 ESD procedures

	Model type	Organ	Type of knife	Specimen size (mm)	Procedure duration (min)		Immediate complications
					CC	D
1	EV	Stomach	NN + IT	31	28	46	-
2	EV	Stomach	NN + IT	35	23	28	-
3	EV	Esophagus	NN	28	15	35	-
4	EV	Stomach	NN + IT	35	56	33	-
5	EV	Esophagus	NN + IT	31	44	16	NDML
6	EV	Stomach	FN	38	35	23	-
7	EV	Stomach	FN + IT	48	25	60	NDML
8	EV	Stomach	FN + HN	49	35	45	NDML
9	IV	Stomach	FN + IT	48	25	80	-
10	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	67	15	30	NDML
11	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	41	57	23	-
12	IV	Stomach	NN + IT + S	37	38	24	Bleed
13	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	116	60	83	Bleed
14	IV	Stomach	NN + FN + HN + IT	-1	87	196	Perforation
15	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	45	40	91	Bleed
16	IV	Esophagus	NN + FN + HN + IT	45	39	42	-
17	IV	Esophagus	FN + IT	50	55	70	NDML
18	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	45	28	9	-
19	IV	Esophagus	FN + IT	53	42	48	Bleed
20	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	-1	47	26	-
21	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	54	43	27	-
22	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	62	49	27	-
23	IV	Esophagus	NN + FN + HN + IT	32	28	27	-
24	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	62	45	16	-
25	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	45	20	17	-
26	IV	Esophagus	NN + FN + IT	22	8	25	-
27	IV	Esophagus	NN + IT + S	35	17	73	NDML
28	IV	Stomach	FN + IT	51	35	45	Bleed
29	IV	Esophagus	FN + IT	30	32	52	NDML
30	IV	Stomach	NN + IT	32	15	35	-

¹Resection was not completed, and therefore, no specimen was pinned or measured. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; EV: Ex vivo; IV: In vivo; NN: Needle knife; IT: Insulated-tip knife; HN: Hook knife; FN: Flex knife; S: Snare; CC: Time from marking until circumferential cutting; D: Time from circumferential cutting until end of dissection; Bleed: Bleeding requiring hot forceps coagulation; NDML: Non-transmural damage of the proper muscular layer.